Inflammatory Burden in Type 2 Diabetes: Correlation between Serum Amyloid A and Glycated Hemoglobin in Nigerian Adults
Onah CE *
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
Kingsley-Nwaeburu DC
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
Osakue NO
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
Onah CF
Department of Nursing Services, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria.
Ogbodo EC
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and various complications. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are biomarkers that may indicate inflammation and glucose control, respectively.
Objective: To evaluate the levels of SAA and HbA1c and their relationships in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 130 participants which comprises of 65 diabetic subjects and 65 non-diabetic control subjects. Fasting blood samples was collected from each participant following standard procedure and SAA and HbA1c levels were determined using ELISA and Ion-exchange chromatographic methods respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 to determine the levels and correlation between SAA and HbA1c.
Results: The results showed a significant high levels of SAA (272.16±111.58 Vs 94.08± 47.59; p = <0.001) and HbA1c (8.11±1.79 Vs 5.40± 1.12; p = <0.001) in type 2 diabetic group when compared with the non-diabetic group. There was a significant positive correlation between SAA and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic subjects (r = 0.758; p = <0.001). However, the mean levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and age did not differ significantly in type 2 diabetics (p>0.05) although body mass index (BMI) was significantly lower in the diabetic group when compared with non-diabetic group (24.42±2.50 Vs 26.41 ± 2.63; p = <0.001).
Conclusion: This study suggests that poor glycemic control may be associated with heightened inflammatory status in these patients which may increase the risk of diabetic complications in these patients.
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, serum amyloid A (SAA), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycaemic control, inflammation